Teen Health

Do you know why children , your age , are suffering from fatal diseases ? Unhealthy eating habits and lazy lifestyle is the answer . The food most children normally eat , is high in cholesterol , salt and sugar . High intake of Cholesterol and fats block the arteries . Similarly high amount of salt in food causes high blood pressure.

Looks scary ? Not if you watch your diet . One way to watch your diet is to read the labels on the packets . They tell you what each food contains , so that you can choose the food with less fats and salt . Substitute fat foods for food rich in vitamins and minerals such as vegetables and fish . Snack on fruits instead of chips . Drink fresh juice instead of fizzy drinks that give you empty calories . Add honey and fresh salad to your diet ; they make you feel fresh and energetic . Bake , grill or steam your food instead of frying or barbecuing.

It is important to lead a healthy life style . Do not miss breakfast . Balance the food you eat with physical activities like exercises and long walks . Most importantly , don't over eat . Chew your food well and relax while eating.

Eat to feel good , look better , achieve more and stay healthy for longer.

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Women Inventors

You will probably find it difficult to name any . Why is this ? Weren't women interested in science ? The answer is that , in the past , women were not allowed to patent their inventions . Until the mid - 19th century , anything a woman owned or invented was legally her husband's . For this reason , many female inventors throughout history have been forgotten or ignored although their inventions are used every day.

Although hundreds of important women could be named , here is a brief look at a few.

Bette Nesmith Graham
Liquid  paper  was  the invention of Bette Nesmith Graham .  In  an  effort  to cover her typing mistakes , she painted over them with a bottle of white paint and a watercolor brush . By 1956 , Graham's invention gained so  much  popularity , that four  years  later , she sold her company to Gillette for $ 47.5 million.

Grace Murray Hopper
Few people have done as much to change the world as Grace Murray Hopper . In her work with the first computers , she put us on the way to making computers available to  everyone . In 1952 , she invented the first computer compiler . She was the first person to receive the Computer Sciences Man of the Year Award 1969.

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Breaking a Bone

An adult human has about 206 bones.  These bones come in all shapes and sizes.  As people grow, the bones in their bodies are very much alive.  Bones are constantly growing and changing along with the person.  One way they change is that bones in a young child are very soft, but as people get older, their bones gradually harden.  Bones are fully grown and have reached their maturity when someone reaches the age of 25.  Bones have a number of different functions, but two of the most important are that bones provide support and protection for the body.  Bones give the body its shape and also protect sensitive organs like the heart, lungs, and brain.  Human bones are very strong, but, no matter how strong bones are, sometimes they break. 

A broken bone is called a fracture, which can be very painful. When people fracture a bone, they go to the doctor, who will try to fix the fracture.  For a while it hurts to move the injured part of the body; but fortunately, a doctor can fix a broken bone and make the injured person feel better.  The first thing a doctor will do is to take an x-ray to see where the break is. An x-ray is a picture, taken by a special machine, of the inside of your body. Once the doctor has an x-ray, he can see what a person’s bones look like and if one is broken. If it is a complex fracture, the doctor might have to operate to put the pieces back together before putting on a cast. If it is a simple fracture, many times the doctor can use the cast to keep the bones in the right place so they can heal.  A cast is made of wet bandages put around the part of your body with the break, and the bandages harden so the bones cannot move.

The human body is very good at fixing itself when a part of the body is injured. When there is a fracture, the body sends lots of blood to the area to bring nutrients to the injury. The bones will then use those nutrients and start to grow. The bones will eventually mend together. Once the bones heal back together the cast be removed.  A special saw is used to remove the cast. The process of removing the cast does not hurt. Although breaking a bone can be scary, it is good to know doctors can help.

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David Copperfield

David Copperfield is the story of a boy whose father died six months before his birth . At first David lived happily with his mother and his beloved housekeeper , Peggotty . Later , David's mother married Edward Murdstone , who was very cruel and use to beat David a lot . Once , while the stepfather was beating him , David bit his hand . After that , Murdstone sent David to Salem House Academy boarding school where he hardly received any education . At the school , David became friends with Tommy Traddles and James Steerforth .

Due to the cruelty of the Murdstones, David's mother and her new-born baby died . After the funeral , Murdstone decided to send David to London to work in his warehouse . In London , David lived comfortably with Wilkens and Emma Micawber .

During his stay , David remembered that his mother had talked about an aunt who lived near Dover . One day , David decided to go to his aunt , so he walked from London to his aunt's cottage in Dover . After meeting David , aunt Betsey adopted David and sent him to Dr. Strong's school , one of the best schools in Canterbury . There , he received a good education and lived with Mr. Wickfield and his daughter Agnes .

After finishing school , David left Canterbury for London and decided that he wanted to become a lawyer . He trained at Mr. Spenlow's office , where he met Spenlow's beautiful daughter , Dora . David married Dora , but few years later she died . Soon after, David met his school friends again , but after a series of events his friend Steerforth drowned .

Driven by sadness , David left to Switzerland , hoping to find comfort in the wild beauty of the Alps . While living there , Copperfield worked on his book and sent it to Traddles , who published it . Three years later , David Copperfield decided to go back to England . He married Agnes and later became a successful novelist .

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Different Customs

Each society has its own customs , beliefs and behaviours . Communicating in a foreign language is not just a matter of using correct grammar and vocabulary . It is also a matter of understanding other cultures and traditions . We need to understand and respect other customs , no matter how new or strange they may seem .

Differences are seen in many aspects of daily life such as : greetings , dining , clothing , ceremonies and many other things . Here are some customs from different parts of the world ;

In the Middle East , you must take off your shoes before entering someone's house .

In Afghanistan , people spend at least five minutes saying hello to each other .

In Britain , the weather is usually the topic of conversation between strangers .

In Japan , it is a custom to clean the house and water the garden when having a guest .

In France , people don't sit down until they have shaken hands with every one they know .

In the U.S.A , it is normal for men to shake hands when they meet , but it is unusual for them to kiss each other .

In Germany , few days before the wedding , friends and relatives bring old porcelain to throw on the ground in front of the bride and groom . This is supposed to bring them good luck .

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Space holidays

July 2009 was the 40th anniversary of man first walking on the moon. Ever since that day, we have been promised that holidays in space are not far away. Now a representative for the World Tourism Organisation predicts that, in the next ten years, people will be queuing to book their holidays in space. They will fly by rocket to a space station which will be orbiting the Earth at a height of 320 kilometres – that is about the same as the distance from Cairo to El-Minya. The space station itself will be like a giant spinning wheel with spokes like a bike wheel. There will be two kinds of spokes: those with ordinary gravity and those with zero gravity for weightless sports.

Some people who are interested in space holidays are worried that, as space tourists, they will suffer from the same horrible side effects as astronauts have suffered from, but experts say that there are now treatments for most side effects.

Just think about such a holiday in space! Everyone who has travelled in space has described the magical feeling of looking down on the Earth as it spins below you. It will be impossible to go shopping or go for a walk, but think of the fun you can have with weightless football or weightless gymnastics.

For most people, the main disadvantage at the moment is the cost of space holidays. Currently, the cost of a holiday is very high. But, like everything else, the more people want to do something, the cheaper it will become. So, if you are interested, start saving now!

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Energy

Nothing can live without energy. People, animals and plants need energy to live and machines need energy to work. Today, most of the energy we use still comes from fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, which have been formed underground over millions of years. We call these non-renewable forms of energy because they can only be used once. Because of this, we need to reduce our use of non-renewable fuels and use more renewable forms of energy like those from the sun, wind or geothermal energy.

For centuries, the wind has been used to sail ships and to pump water. Now it is used to produce electricity. Groups of wind turbines along the Red Sea in Egypt generate large amounts of electricity. Water is also a renewable form of energy. Huge quantities of water go through the High Dam at Aswan from Lake Nasser. This hydroelectric power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity. As well as being inexpensive to produce, this clean energy does not pollute the environment.

Other countries depend on nuclear power – power produced when atoms split. However, nuclear power produces dangerous waste which must be stored for thousands of years before it is safe. Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous to people’s health and to the environment.

Energy from the sun is probably the best form of renewable energy. Scientists believe that the sun’s energy will last for another five billion years. This energy can now be captured and stored.

It is important for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces in order to stop using up non-renewable sources of energy.

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